चरक सूत्रस्थान अध्याय -१० महाचतुष्पाद

Aloe Vera

Family Name : LILIACEAE Botanical Name : ALOE VERA, ALOE BARBADENSIS Common Name : ALOE, BARBADOS ALOE, CURACAO ALOE, INDIAN ALOE, GHI KUNVAR Part Used : FLOWERS, ROOTS Habitat : South and South Western India. Uses : It is useful for X ray burns, Dermatitis, Cutaneous and disorders of skin. Drug from juice is tonic and is used in jaundice, ameneorrhoea, atonic and piles. Aloe Vera Gel has the remarkable ability to heal wounds, ulcer and burns.

Ashwagandha

Family Name : SOLANACEAE Botanical Name : WITHANIA SOMNIFERA Common Name : WITHANIA, WINTER CHERRY, INDIAN WINTER CHERRY, INDIAN GINSENG, ASHWAGANDHA Part Used : ROOT, LEAVES Habitat : Cultivated throughout drier parts of India. Uses : It is Tonic, Abortifacient, Astringent, Deobstruent, Nervine, Aphrodisiac and Sedative. It is official Indian Pharmacoepeia. It is popularly known as Indian Ginseng. It gives vitality and vigour and helps in building greater endurance. It has been used in diseases such as rheumatism, leprosy and arthritis.

Asparagus Racemosus

Family Name : LILIACEAE Botanical Name : ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS Common Name : ASPARAGUS, WILD ASPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS ROOT, SATAVARI Part Used : TUBEROUS ROOTS Uses : The roots are bitter, sweet, emollient, cooling, nervine, tonic, constipating, opthalimic, anobyne, aphrodisiac. They are useful in nervous disorders, dyspepsia, tumours, scalding of urine, throat infections, tuberclosis, cough bronchitis and general debility.

Azadirachta Indica

Family Name : MELIACEAE  Botanical Name : AZADIRACHTA INDICA Common Name : LILAC, MARGOSA TREE, NEEM, NEEM CHAL Part Used : LEAVES, FLOWER, OIL, SEED Habitat : It is evergreen and grows throughout India.  Uses : Vermifuge, Insecticide, Astringent, Tonic and Antispetic. It posseses anti diabitic, anti bacterial and anti viral properties and used sucessfully in cases of stomach, worms and ulcers. Root bark posseses anstringent, tonic and antiperiodic properties. It is also useful in Malarial fever. The oil is used in making Neem based soaps, shampoos and toothpaste.

Bacopa Monniera

Family Name : SCROPHULARIACEAE Botanical Name : BACOPA MONNIERA Common Name : HERPESTIS MONNIERIA, THYME LEAVED GRATIOLA, BRAHMI Part Used : WHOLE PLANT Habitat : Grows in Marshy places and cultivated South India. Uses : It is Diuretic, Cardiac, Nervine and Tonic. It is reported to improve intellect, treatment of asthma, hoarseness, insanity, epilepsy. It is a potent nervous tonic and is anti anxiety agent. It is considered good for heart.

Basil Herb

Family Name : LAMIACEAE  Botanical Name : OCIMUM SANCTUM Common Name : BASIL, SACRED BASIL, HOLY BASIL, TULSI  Part Used : LEAVES, SEEDS Habitat : Found Throughout India.  Uses : It is Diaphoteric, Anti periodic, Stimulating, Expectorant and Anti-catarrhal. It is used in malaria, catarrh, bronchitis and gastric disorders. It also lowers blood sugar levels and its powder is used for mouth ulcers. It is widely worshiped in India.

Boswellia Serrata	Family Name : BURSERACEAE Botanical Name : BOSWELLIA SERRATA Common Name : INDIAN OLIBANUM TREE, OLIBANUM, LUBAN, GOND Part Used : BARK, GUM RESIN Uses : The bark is sweet, cooling and tonic. It is good in vitiated conditions of Pitta, cough, asthama. It is useful in fevers, urethrorrhea, diaphoresis, convulsions, chronic laryngitis, jaundice and arthritis.

Calamus

Family Name : ARACEAE Botanical Name : ACORUS CALAMUS  Common Name : CALAMUS, SWEET-FLAG, SWEET ROOT, BACH  Part Used : DRIED RHIZOME  Habitat : North Temperate and subtropical regions upto 2200m altitude in Himalayas.  Uses : It is Nauseant, Stomachic, Anthelmentic, Stimulants, Emetic, Expectorant, Carminative, Antispasmodic and Nervine Sedative. Rhizome is used in the cure of host of diseases such as epilepsy, mental; ailments, chronic diarrhoea and dysentary. It is used in incense sticks and dhup and is widely used as insecticide for lice, bedbugs, worms etc.

Cassia Angustifolia

Family Name : CAESALPINACEAE Botanical Name : CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Common Name : SENNA, INDIAN SENNA, TINNEVELLY SENNA, CASSIA SENNA Part Used : PODS, STEMS, LEAVES Habitat : Cultivated in dry lands of Southern & Western India, and indegenous to Arabia. Uses : It is recognised by British and US pharmacopoeias. It is useful in habitual costiveness. It lowers bowels, increases peristaltic movements of the colon by its local action upon the intestinal wall. It is used as expectorant, wound dresser, antidysentric, carminative and laxative.

Cassia Fistula	Family Name : CAESALPINACEAE Botanical Name : CASSIA FISTULA Common Name : FISTULA, LABURNUM, PURGING FISTULA, GOLDEN SHOWER, AMALTAS Part Used : FRUITS AND BARK Habitat : Grows in valleys upto 1200 m in Himalayas. Uses : Pulp from fruits called "Cessia pulp" is a well known Laxative. Bark of tree is rich in tannins.

Cassia Tora

Family Name : CAESALPINACEAE Botanical Name : CASSIA TORA  Common Name : FOETID CASSIA, TORA, SICKLE SENNA, SICKLE POD, COFFEE POD, TOVARA, CHAKVAD Part Used : SEEDS Habitat : Grows in dry soil throughout tropical parts of India.  Uses : It is Aperient, Germicide, Mucilaginous & Laxative. It is used as a coffee substitute and has a maturant and anodyne action. Useful in treating skin diseases like ring worm and itch and psoriasis.

Centella Asiatica

Family Name : APIACEAE Botanical Name : CENTELLA ASIATICA Common Name : PENNYWORT, INDIAN PENNYWORT, ARTAYNIYA-E HINDI, JAL BRAHMI Part Used : WHOLE PLANT Habitat : Grown in waterlogged places throughout India. Uses : : It is Tonic, Diuretic and Alterative. It is used in treatment of leporasy and known to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease and improves general health of the patient. It is a brain tonic and stimulates hair growth.

Cinchona Officinalis	Family Name : RUBIACEAE Botanical Name : CINCHONA OFFICINALIS Common Name : QUININE, PERUVIAN BARK, QUININE BARK Part Used : QUININE ISOLATED FROM BARK Habitat : Cultivated in Nilgiri Hills Uses : Quinine is bitter, astringent, acrid, thermogenic, febrifugre, oxytoxic and anodyne. It is digestive, antipyretic, cardiotonic, dystocia, eumbago etc.

Datura Stramonium

Family Name : SALANACEAE Botanical Name : DATURA STRAMONIUM Common Name : DATURA, JIMSON WEED, STINK WEED, MAD APPLE, THORN APPLE STRAMONIUM, APPLE THORN, DATURA TATULA, DATURA SEEDS Part Used : SEEDS, FLOWERS, LEAVES Habitat : Common in north western Himalayas and foot hills on dry slopes upto 1800 m altitude. Uses : It is Narcotic, Anti Spasmodic, Anodyne, Ache Reliever. Helps in relieving the spasm of the Bronchitis in Asthma. It is used in treatment of Parkinsonism and Haemorrhoids. Young fruits are sedative and intoxicating. Leaves applied after roasting are useful in relieving pain.

Emblica Officinalis

Family Name : EUPHORBIACEAE Botanical Name : EMBLICA OFFICINALIS Common Name : GOOSEBERRY, PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA, EMBLICA, INDIAN GOOSEBERRY, AMLA Part Used : FRUIT Habitat : Northern and South Western India. Uses : It is Aperient, Carminative, Diuretic, Aphrodasiac, Laxative, Astringent and Refrigerant. It is the richest known source of vitamin 'C'. It is useful in anaemia, jaundice, dyspepcia, haemorrhage disorders, diabetes, asthama and bronchitis. It cures insomnia and is healthy for hair.

Ephedra Vulgaris

Family Name : EPHEDRACEAE Botanical Name : EPHEDRA VULGARIS Common Name : EPHEDRA, EVULGARIS, SOMLATHA Part Used : DRIED BRANCH Habitat : Drier regions of temperate zone and alpine Himalayas at altitude of 2700m to 3600m. Uses : It is Stomachic, Alterative and Diuretic. Alkaloid called "Ephedrine" which helps in controlling Asthma. It is widely used for acute muscular and Bronchial Asthma. It is also used as a headache reliever.

Guggul

Family Name : BURSERACEAE Botanical Name : COMMIPHORA MUKUL Common Name : COMMIPHORA, MUKUL, GUGGUL, BALSAMODENDRON MUKUL, INDIAN BDELLIUM TREE, MOQL, MOQLE-ARZAGI  Part Used : WHOLE PLANT Habitat : Rocky tracks of Western India and Eastern Himalayas. Uses : It is Carminative, Antispasmodic, Disphoretic, Ecobolic, Anti Suppurative and Emmenagogue. Gum resin used for treatment of rheumatoid arthiritis. It is a potent drug for cardiac disorders high cholesterol. It is an ingredient for over fifty compounds.

Gymnema Sylvestre

Family Name : ASCLEPIADACEAE Botanical Name : GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE Common Name : PERIPLOCA OF THE WOODS, GUDMAR Part Used : WHOLE PLANT, LEAVES Uses : The plant is acrid, antiinflammatory, anodyne, liver tonic, emetic, diuretic. It is useful in hepatosplenomegaly, dypepsia, constipation, jaundice, halminthiasis, cardiopathy, amenorrhoea. The fresh leaves when chewed have the remarkable property of paralysing the sense of taste for sweet and bitter substance for some time.

Hedychium	Family Name : ZINGIBERACEAE Botanical Name : HEDYCHIUM SPICATUM Common Name : HEDICHIUM, KAPUR KACHRI Part Used : RHIZOMES Habitat : Grows in Sub Tropical Himalayas. Uses : Used in Nausea, Bronchial Asthama, Halitosis and Vomitting. Also useful in diminished apetite, hiccups, local inflamation etc.

Henna

Family Name : LYTHRACEAE Botanical Name : LAWSONIA INERMIS Common Name : HENNA, AL-KHANNA, AL-HENNA, JAMAICA MIGNONETTE, MEHNDI, MENDEE, EGYPTIAN PRIVET, SMOOTH LAWSONIA Part Used : FLOWERS, POWDERED LEAVES, FRUIT Habitat : Scarcely in dry decidious forests, widely cultivated as a hedge plant. Uses : The roots are bitter, refrigerant, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, abortifacient and trichogenous and is useful in burning sensation, leprosy skin diseases and amenorrhoea. It is used in pre mature graying of hair. Henna is widely used for drawing tattoos, arts and designs. Leaves are useful in wounds ulcers strangury cough, bronchitis, dysentery etc. The fruit is thought to have emmenagogue properties.

Hyocyamus Niger

Family Name : SOLANACEAE Botanical Name : HYOCYAMUS NIGER Common Name : HENBANE, NIGER SEED, BIRD FEED, BLACK HENBANE, COMMON HENBANE Part Used : SEEDS Uses : It is widely used as a nutritious Bird feed. Gastric, or intestinal cramps, diarhhoea, neuralgia, cough hysteria, manis, skin inflammation and boils. Niger seeds has anodyne, narcotic and mydriatic properties, employed as a sedative in nervous infections. In veterinary practice used as urnary sedative.

Juglans Regia	Family Name : JUGLANDACEAE Botanical Name : JUGLANS REGIA Common Name : WALNUT, PERSIAN WALNUT, EUROPEAN WALNUT, AKHROT Part Used : LEAVES, BARKS, FRUITS Habitat : Cultivated in Himalayas and the Khasia hills.  Uses : Leaves are Astringent, Tonic and Anthelmintic. They are useful in herpes, eczema, scrofula and syphilis. Fruits are sweet and emollient, thermogenic, and aphrodasiac.

Liquorice

Family Name : PAPILIONACEAE Botanical Name : GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA Common Name : CALAMUS, MULETHI, SWEET LIQUORICE, SWEETWOOD  Part Used : ROOT Habitat : Cultivated in Northern and Southern India. Uses : It is Tonic, Diuretic, Demulcent, Expectorant, Emenagogue Laxative and Laxative. Used for allaying coughs and catarrhal infections. Useful in irritable conditions of mucous memberane of Urinary organs. Useful in sore throat, cough, anorexia and persistent low fever. Useful in flavouring of tobacoo, confectionary, beverages, jams and marmalades.

Moringa Oleifera

Family Name : MORINGACEAE Botanical Name : MORINGA OLEIFERA Common Name : MORINGA, HORSE RADISH TREE, DRUMSTICK TREE, SAHIJAN Part Used : ROOTS, SEEDS, LEAVES Habitat : Found Through out India. Uses : The roots are acrid, digestive, anthelmentic, constipating, anodyne, bitter alexipharmic stimulant and vesicant. They are useful in paralysis, inflammations, fever, cough, cold, bronchitis, pectoral diseases, epilepsy, hysteria. Its leaves are useful in scurvy, vitiated conditions of kapha and vata. The seeds are acrid, bitter, anti inflammatory, purgative, and are useful in neuralgia, inflammations and intermittent fevers.

Mucuna Pruriens	Family Name : FABACEAE  Botanical Name : MUCUNA PRURIENS Common Name : COWITCH, COMMON COWITCH, KONCH Part Used : ROOTS, SEEDS, LEAVES Uses : The roots are bitter, sweet thermogenic emollient, stimulant, purgative, aphrodisiac, diuretic. The leaves are aphrodisiac. The seeds are astringent, laxative, anthelmentic, alexipharmic and tonic.

Papaver Somniferum

Family Name : PAPAVERACEAE Botanical Name : PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Common Name : POPPY SEEDS, APHIM, OPIUM POPPY, WHITE POPPY, POSTA Part Used : SEEDS, FLOWERS Habitat : Cultivated on large scale at altitude of 1500m - 2100m.  Uses : Seeds are used as Tonic. Milky juice from immature fruits yield opium. Ripe and dry fruits contain only small quantity of alkaloides and therefore narcotic properties are mild.

Psyllium Husk

Family Name : PLANTAGINACEAE Botanical Name : PLANTAGO OVATA HUSK Common Name : PSYLLIUM HUSK, PSYLLIUM SEEDS, PLANTAGO, ISPAGHULA, FLEAM, SPOGEL SEEDS, ISABGOL  Part Used : HUSK, SEED Habitat : Mediteranian region and commercially grown in north western India.  Uses : It is Diuretic, Emollient and Cooling. Used in inflamatory conditions of mucous memberane of gastro intestinal and genitourinary tracts.Very well known as a laxative. It restores proper bowel movements and ued in treatment of chronic constipation, amoebic and bucillary dysentary. Psyllium husk and seeds are formal Pharmacopoeia.

Pterocarpus Marsupium

Family Name : FABACEAE  Botanical Name : PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM ROXB. Common Name : INDIAN KINO TREE, MALABAR KINO TREE, KINO Part Used : HEART WOOD, LEAVES, FLOWERS Uses : The heart wood is astringent, bitter acrid, anti inflammatory, anthelmintic, anodyne. It is considered as magical for Diabities. It turns the water blue as soon as it comes in contact with the water. It is good for elephantiasis, leucoderma, diarrhoea, dysentary, rectalgia, cough and greyness of hair.

Pudina

Family Name : LAMIACEAE  Botanical Name : MENTHA ARVENSIS / PIPERITA Common Name : FIELD MINT, CORN MINT, JAPANESE MINT, PUDINA Part Used : WHOLE PLANT, OIL Habitat : Found through out India. Uses : The entire plant is antibacterial, antifibrile. It yeilds an essential oil and menthol which exert, through their rapid evaporation, aslightly anaesthetic, and anodyne local effect. It is effective in headache, rhinitis, cough sore throat, colic, prurigo and vomiting. Menthol obtained from this is used in balm. It is also used as flavoring agent in culinary preparations.

Punica Granatum	Family Name : PUNICACEAE  Botanical Name : PUNICA GRANATUM Common Name : POMEGRANATE, ANAR Part Used : SEEDS, FLOWERS  Habitat : Commonly cultivated as ornamental and fruit tree. Uses : A decotion of seed is used to treat syphilis. Juice used to treat jaundice and diarrhoea. Juice of flower is used to treat nose bleeds. The fruit pulp and the seed are stomachic.

Quince

Family Name : RUTACEAE Botanical Name : AEGLE MARMELOS Common Name : BAEL, QUINCE, APPLE WOOD, HOLY FRUIT TREE Part Used : BARK, FRUIT PULP, LEAVES Habitat : Found all over decidious forests in India.  Uses : It is Antiscorbutic, Carminative, Alterative and Nutritive. It is used in colisting diahorrea, dysentary, constipation and diarrhoea. It is aromatic, astringent, cooling, febrifuge and also acts as tonic for heart and brain.

Rhubarb	Family Name : POLYGONACEAE Botanical Name : RHEUM EMODI Common Name : RHUBARB, HIMALAYAN RHUBARB, INDIAN RHUBARB, THUZNA, REVAT CHINNI Part Used : SEEDS Habitat : Throughout the valleys in Himalayan region at altitude of 3200m -5200m. Uses : Used as purgative and astringent tonic. Its stimulating effect combined with asperient properties renders it specially useful in atonic dyspepsia.

Safed Musli	Family Name : LILIACEAE  Botanical Name : CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM Common Name : SAFED MOOSLI Part Used : SEEDS Habitat : Northern and Western India. Uses : Aphrodisiac, tonic, pain reliever and used to cure general debility and impotency. Its powder increases lactation in feeding mothers and lactating cows. It is being increasingly used in Ayurvedic and Pharmaceutical Industries.

Sarsaparilla

Family Name : ASCLEPIADACEAE Botanical Name : HEMIDESMUS INDICUS Common Name : SARASAPARILLA, INDIAN SARASAPARILLA, ANANTMOOL Part Used : ROOT Habitat : Found In Central India. Uses : It is Tonic, Diuretic, Demulcent, Disphoretic and Blood purifier. Employed in Nutritional disorders, syphilis, chronic rheumatism, gravel and other urinary diseases and skin afections. It is also employed as a vehicle for Pottasium Iodine.

Syzygium Cumini

Family Name : MYRTACEAE Botanical Name : SYZYGIUM CUMINI Common Name : EUGENIA JAMBOLANA, PLUM, BLACK PLUM, JAMAN, JAMBOLAN Part Used : SEEDS, LEAVES, FRUITS, BARK Uses : The leaves are antibacterial and are used for strengthning the teeth and gums. The fruits and seeds are sweet, acrid, sour, tonic, and cooling, and are used in diabities, diarrhoea and ringworm. The bark is astringent, sweet sour, diuretic, digestive and anthelmintic.

Terminalia Arjuna	Family Name : COMBRETACEAE Botanical Name : TERMINALIA ARJUNA Common Name : ARJUNA, ARJUNA HERB, ARJUNA ROOT Part Used : BARK Uses : The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, cooling, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, urinary astringent, expectorant, alexiteric and is useful in fractures, ulcers, cirrhosis of the lever, hyperhidrosis, otalgia and hypertension.

Terminalia Belerica

Family Name : COMBRETACEAE Botanical Name : TERMINALIA BELERICA  Common Name : BELERIC, BELLERIC MYROBALAN, BAEHRA Part Used : FRUIT  Habitat : Grown throughout India. Uses : It is Astringent, Tonic, Expectorant and Laxative. It is used in coughs and sore throat. Its pulp is used in dropsy, piles and diarrhoea. It is also useful in leprosy, fever and hair care. It is also used in oxalic acid and preparation of ink.

Terminalia Chebula

Family Name : COMBRETACEAE Botanical Name : TERMINALIA CHEBULA Common Name : MYROBALAN, HARDAD, CHEBULIC MYROBALAN  Part Used : FRUITS, ROOTS, BARK Habitat : Grows Throughout India. Uses : It is Astringent, Purgative, Stomachic and Laxative. It is useful in asthma, piles and cough. It is also useful in healing of wounds and scalds. It is used as gargle against inflamation of mucous membrane of mouth. It is used in tanning of leather and purification of petroleum.

Tinospora Cordifolia

Family Name : MENINSPERMACEAE  Botanical Name : TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA  Common Name : GULANSHE TINOSPARA, GULANCHA TINOSPARA, TINOSPARA, GILOY Part Used : STEM Habitat : North And South India. Uses : It is an Antiperiodic, Antipyretic, Alterative, Diuretic, Anti-inflammatory. It is a contituent of several compound preparations. It is used in fever, urinary disorders, dyspepsia, general debility and urinary diseases. It is also used in treatment of rheumatism and jaundice.

Tribulus Terrestris

Family Name : ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Botanical Name : TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Common Name : LAND CALTROPS, PUNCTURE VINE, GOKHRU  Part Used : WHOLE PLANT, SEEDS Uses : The roots and fruits are sweet, coling, emollient, appetizer, alternate, laxative, cardiotonic, styptic, lithontriptic and tonic. They are useful in strangury, dysuria, vitiated conditions of vat and pitta, renal and vesical calculi, anorexia, dyspepsia, helminthiasis, cough, asthama. The seeds are astringent, strengthening and are useful in epistaxis, hemorrhages and ulcerative stomatitis. The ash of the whole plant is good for external application in rheumarthritis.

Valeriana Wallichii

Family Name : VALERIANACEAE Botanical Name : VALERIANA WALLICHII  Common Name : VALERIAN, INDIAN VALERIAN, VALERIAN JATAMANSI, TAGGAR Part Used : ROOTS  Habitat : Temperate zone of North western Himalayas upto an altitude of 3000 m. Uses : It is Anti Spasmodic, Stimulant, Calmative and Stomachic. It is useful in diseases of eye blood, livers. It is used as a remedy for hysteria, hypochondriasis, nervous unrest and emotional stress. Also useful in clearing voice and acts as stimulant in advance stage of fever and nervous disorder.

Vinca Rosea

Family Name : APOCYNACEAE Botanical Name : VINCA ROSEA  Common Name : PERIWINKLE, MADAGASCAR PERIWINKLE, SADABAHAR Part Used : LEAVES, ROOTS Habitat : Grows throughout India and found as an escape in waste places and sandy tracts.  Uses : Its alkaloids are hypotensive, sedative and have tranquilising properties and are anti cancerous. It helps in relieving muscle pain, depression of central nervous system and wasps stings.

Zingiber Officinalis

Family Name : ZINGIBERACEAE Botanical Name : ZINGIBER OFFICINALIS Common Name : CALAMUS, SWEET GINGER, GINGER ROOT, SONTH(DRIED) Part Used : FRESH AND DRIED FRUIT  Habitat : South East Asia and through out India. Uses : Clinically proved as prophylactic of nausea and vomiting associated with motion, sickness, sea sickness and pregnancy. Known for its gastrointestinal benefits and as an anti inflammatory and carminative.